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Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of Salmonella infection in foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province, and to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of Salmonella infection. Methods Automatic microbial biochemical identification system was used to identify Salmonella , and descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the characteristics of Salmonella infections in foodborne diseases in Shanxi Province from 2016 to 2021. Results The basic information of 10 037 cases of foodborne diseases and their Salmonella detection results were analyzed. The detection rate of Salmonella was 5.25%, and the main serotype was Salmonella enteritidis (209/522). The positive detection rate of Salmonella in the 0-10 years old age group was the highest (6.04%), and the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 19.23, P = 0.01). The positive detection rate of Salmonella in kindergarteners was the highest at 10.71%, and there was a significant difference in the positive detection rate among different occupations (χ2= 43.31, P 2= 4.43, P = 0.04). Cases involving food stores had a higher Salmonella detection rate (9.54%), and the peak period of Salmonella infection was from May 24 to August 23. Conclusion The incidence of Salmonella infection in foodborne diseases is high in summer and autumn. Foods in food stores and bulk foods are more likely to cause Salmonella infection. Supervision and management of food stores should be strengthened, and special attention should be paid to children in kindergartens during the epidemic peak.
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Objective:To analyze the frequency and characteristics of polymyositis (PM) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM), and to investigate whether PM is over-diagnosed.Methods:Patients diagnosed as IIM according to the Bohan & Peter criteria of IIM hospitalized in the Department of Rheumatology of China-Japan Friendship Hospital from 2008 to 2019 were involved in the study. Definite PM (dPM) was defined as typical clinical and pathological features including elevated creatine kinase (CK) level, muscle weakness and muscle biopsy findings with endomysial CD8 + T cell infiltration and expression of MHC-1 on sarcolemma. Meanwhile, dermatomyositis (DM), anti-synthase syndrome(ASS), immune-mediated necrotic myopathy(IMNM), sporadic inclusion body myositis(sIBM) and other myopathies were excluded according to the new classification criteria of IIM subtypes respectively. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software 24.0. The Kruskal-Wallis test and χ2 test were used to compare the clinical characteristics between the dPM group and other IIM subtypes. Results:A total of 1 259 patients with IIM including 1 015 (80.6%) DM and 244(19.4%) PM were enrolled in this study. According to the strict definition of PM criteria, only 0.5% of patients (6/1 259) in IIM could be diagnosed as dPM. Most PM patients were IMNM and ASS according to the new IIM subtypes criteria, of which 48.0% (117/244) were IMNM and 32.0% (78/244) were ASS. 66.7%(4/6) of dPM patients were women. One complicated with RA, and one was dPM overlaped with systemic sclerosis. All of them had muscle weakness, mild elevation of CK level [611(391,1 451) U/L], and were myositis-specific autoantibodies negative. Except one dPM patients who did not receive immunoregulatory therapy due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the others were administrated with low or medium dose prednisone combined with or without immunosuppressive agents. After a median follow-up of (38±26) months, the muscle strength of dPM patients were improved.Conclusion:dPM is a very rare clinical subtype of IIM. PM is an over-diagnosed entity in clinical practice. Patients with dPM have mild symptoms and good outcome.
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Background: Patients with hemiplegia often suffer from malnutrition and security threat due to disabilities and inadequate supports. This study aims to explore nursing perceptions regarding problems, necessary nursing supports, and nursing competencies required for the provision of oral feeding assistance to hospitalized hemiplegic patients.Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in Taian City, China in 2016. A purposive sampling method was used, and data were gathered using semi-structured interviews. Totally, 5 faculty members and 10 ward nurses in China were interviewed. In relation to the nursing status regarding oral feeding assistance in the case of hemiplegic patients, background and improvement measures in nursing practice were assessed. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method.Results: Four problems in providing oral feeding assistance to hemiplegic patients were identified: 1) insufficient cognition of nursing roles, 2) insufficient consideration of psychological aspects of the patients, 3) lack of related theoretical and practical education, 4) lack of nutritional support during hospitalization. Twenty-five items of nursing competencies, the knowledge and skills required for oral feeding assistance to hospitalized hemiplegic patients were identified.Conclusions: The nursing competency identified by this study can provide evidence for reviewing the related nursing practice and continuous education in China.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinic-pathological features and prognostic risk factors of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with hypertension (HTN).@*Methods@#Primary IgAN patients diagnosed with biopsy from January 2016 to December 2017 were recruited. Patients were divided into IgAN with normal blood pressure (IgAN-NTN) group and IgAN with hypertension (IgAN-HTN) group based on the pressure value when performing the kidney biopsy. The clinical and pathological data were collected and compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted for renal results, whereas the Cox regression model was exploited to analyze the prognostic factors in the progression of IgAN-HTN patients.@*Results@#The total number of enrolled patients was 275 cases, 170 (61.82%) of which had normal pressure and 105 individuals (38.18%) resulted in hypertension. The IgAN-HTN group in terms of male proportion, age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, 24 h urinary protein, triacylglycerol, complement C4 and so on were higher than those in the IgAN-NTN group (all P<0.05). The incidence of gross hematuria and the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly lower than those in the NTN group (all P<0.001). For the aspect of light microscope pathological manifestations, IgAN-HTN group exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis, renal tubular atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis, interstitial vascular injury than IgAN-NTN group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence examination results showed that the deposition ratio of C1q in IgAN-HTN group was higher than that in IgAN-NTN group (P=0.015). By employing Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative renal survival rate in the HTN group was much lower than that in the NTN group (Log-rank test: χ2=6.456, P=0.011). For the patients in IgAN-HTN group, the cumulative renal survival rate in the dyslipidemia group was much lower than that in the ortholiposis group (Log-rank test: χ2=5.093, P=0.024). There was no significant difference in the cumulative renal survival rate between the blood pressure control group and the unqualified group (Log-rank test: χ2=1.036, P=0.309). As a result of univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis, total cholesterol, eGFR and 24 h urinary protein were risk factors for renal progression of IgAN patients with hypertension.@*Conclusions@#The clinical manifestations and renal pathological changes in patients with IgAN-HTN are more serious than those in IgAN-NTN patients, which result in worse prognosis. IgAN-HTN patients should be paid more attention to the management of serum lipid level during treatment and follow-up.
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Objective@#To investigate the contamination status of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus and bacterial resistance in retail meat products in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province.@*Methods@#In the epidemic season of diarrhea in 2017, poultry and meat product specimens were randomly collected from the farmer′s markets and supermarkets of 10 districts and counties of Taiyuan. Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated form these specimens. Serotypes of Salmonella strains were analyzed. ELSIA was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (A-E). Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were tested for the virulence genes encoding direct hemolysin (tdh) and indirect hemolysin (trh). Antibiotic resistance of the three food-borne pathogens were analyzed using microdilution methods.@*Results@#A total of 38 food-borne pathogens were isolated from 123 poultry and livestock meat product specimens with a positive rate of 30.9%, of which mainly were Salmonella (26 strains, 21.1%), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (8 strains, 6.5%) and Staphylococcus aureus (4 strains, 3.3%). The 26 strains of Salmonella belonged to 10 serotypes. The Salmonella strains isolated from pork specimens had diverse serotypes. Salmonella serovar Derby, Salmonella serovar Gold-coast and Salmonella serovar Liverpool were isolated from raw and cooked pork food for the first time in Taiyuan. All Salmonella strains isolated form chicken products were Salmonella enteritis. The enterotoxin types of the four Staphylococcus aureus strains were three E-type and one complex type (A/E). All Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were negative for tdh or trh gene. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (ACSSuT) resistance was prevalent in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, but there was high sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. MDR Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 75%. No third-generation cephalosporin- or fluoroquinolone-resistant or MDR Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated.@*Conclusions@#There were food-borne multi-pathogenic bacteria contamination in retail raw and cooked meat products in Taiyuan. Salmonella strains had diverse serotypes and high MDR rate. It was suggested that the regulatory authorities should strengthen the management of antibiotic use in aquaculture and specialized laboratory-based monitoring of meat supply chain.
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Objective To investigate the contamination status of Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemo-lyticus and Staphylococcus aureus and bacterial resistance in retail meat products in Taiyuan, Shanxi Prov-ince. Methods In the epidemic season of diarrhea in 2017, poultry and meat product specimens were ran-domly collected from the farmer's markets and supermarkets of 10 districts and counties of Taiyuan. Salmo-nella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were isolated form these specimens. Serotypes of Salmonella strains were analyzed. ELSIA was used to detect Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin (A-E). Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were tested for the virulence genes encoding direct hemolysin (tdh) and indirect hemolysin (trh). Antibiotic resistance of the three food-borne pathogens were analyzed using microdilution methods. Results A total of 38 food-borne pathogens were isolated from 123 poultry and livestock meat product specimens with a positive rate of 30. 9％ , of which mainly were Salmonella (26 strains, 21. 1％ ), followed by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (8 strains, 6. 5％ ) and Staphylococcus aureus (4 strains, 3. 3％ ). The 26 strains of Salmonella belonged to 10 serotypes. The Salmonella strains isolated from pork specimens had diverse serotypes. Salmonella serovar Derby, Salmonella serovar Gold-coast and Salmonella serovar Liver-pool were isolated from raw and cooked pork food for the first time in Taiyuan. All Salmonella strains isolated form chicken products were Salmonella enteritis. The enterotoxin types of the four Staphylococcus aureus strains were three E-type and one complex type (A/ E). All Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates were negative for tdh or trh gene. Ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulphonamides and tetracyclines (ACSSuT) resistance was prevalent in multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, but there was high sensitivity to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins. MDR Staphylococcus aureus accounted for 75％ . No third-generation cephalosporin- or fluoroquinolone-resistant or MDR Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains were isolated. Conclu-sions There were food-borne multi-pathogenic bacteria contamination in retail raw and cooked meat prod-ucts in Taiyuan. Salmonella strains had diverse serotypes and high MDR rate. It was suggested that the regu-latory authorities should strengthen the management of antibiotic use in aquaculture and specialized laborato-ry-based monitoring of meat supply chain.
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Objective To analyze the biochemical characteristics and clinical characteristics of heart failure patients with intermediate ejection fraction.Methods From June 2012 to June 2017,nine hundred and thirty patients with heart failure who were hospitalized and treated in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were selected.According to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),the patients were divided into heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF＜40％),heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF 40％-49％) and heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction group (LVEF ≥ 50％).The number of cases of acute heart failure and chronic stable heart failure was recorded.The general patient information (gender,age,body mass index (BMI),systolic blood pressure (SBP),diastolic blood pressure (DBP),heart rate (HR),NYHA classification) laboratory test results (Brain Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)) and echocardiography (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD),left atrium diameter (LAD),septal thickness (interventricular septum thickness,IVSD),left ventricle posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) were collected.Results The proportion of patients with acute heart failure in the midrange left ventricular ejection fraction heart failure was similar to the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (38.0％ (35/92) vs.45.4％ (210/463),P＞0.05),but significantly higher than the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (38.0％ (35/92) vs.10.4％(210/463),P=0.000).The proportion of NYHA class IV patients in the heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction was lower than the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction(10.9％(10/92) vs.24.6％(114/463),P=0.000),and higher than the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (10.9 (10/92) ％ vs.2.9％ (11/375),P =0.000).Left atrial diameter,left ventricular end diastolic diameter in the heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction were maximum ((47 ± 8) mm,(67.3 ± 9.0) mm),the heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction were medium ((44 ± 7) mm,(60.0 ± 7.5) mm),the heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction were minimum((42±7) mm,(41.7±6.1)mm),and the difference between the three groups was statistically significant (F =44.200,F =648.426,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Some biochemical and echocardiographic features of heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction patients are located between heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction.The LVEDD is significantly increased in heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction group.The ventricular remodeling in heart failure with midrange left ventricular ejection fraction is similar to that of heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological surveillance results of human brucellosis in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2017,to know the epidemic status of brucellosis,and to provide evidence for prevention and control of brucellosis.Methods Incidence date and surveillance date of disease outbreaks in Shanxi Province from 2012 to 2017 were collected,the retrospective analysis method was used to analysis the "three distribution" of brucellosis,outbreak situation and the results of serological and pathogenic surveillance in the 4 surveillance stations.Results A total of 36 220 brucellosis cases were reported from 2012 to 2017,the average incidence was 16.62/100 000;8 540 brucellosis cases were reported in 2014,with incidence 23.53/100 000;a total of 23 197 cases of brucellosis were reported mainly in Datong,Shuozhou,Jinzhong and Xinzhou,accounting for 64.04％ of the province total.The onset was seasonal,and the peak of the epidemic was from March to August,accounting for 67.23％ (24 350/36 220).The brucellosis cases were mainly youth (23 084),male (28 317),farmers and herdsman (32 616).In the 4 surveillance stations of the brucellosis,39 140 cases were investigated,of which 10 536 cases did serological test,in which 585 were positive for Brucella (5.55％).The highest positive rate of serological test was 9.50％ (226/2 738) which was found in Tianzhen.A total of 626 samples carried out pathogen culture,in which 107 strains of brucellosis were detected,the detection rate was 17.09％,and 106 strains Brucella were melitensis biovar 3 of the total strains except 1 mutant.Conclusions The reported incidence in Shanxi Province is in a decline tendency,but the situation of brucellosis epidemic is still relatively serious.It is suggested that the surveillance work should be strengthened;the epidemic situation of brucellosis should be mastered in time and effectively controlled.
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Objective To investigate the clinic-pathological features and prognostic risk factors of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with hypertension (HTN). Methods Primary IgAN patients diagnosed with biopsy from January 2016 to December 2017 were recruited. Patients were divided into IgAN with normal blood pressure (IgAN-NTN) group and IgAN with hypertension (IgAN-HTN) group based on the pressure value when performing the kidney biopsy. The clinical and pathological data were collected and compared between the two groups. Kaplan-Meier method was conducted for renal results, whereas the Cox regression model was exploited to analyze the prognostic factors in the progression of IgAN-HTN patients. Results The total number of enrolled patients was 275 cases, 170 (61.82％) of which had normal pressure and 105 individuals (38.18％) resulted in hypertension.The IgAN-HTN group in terms of male proportion, age, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, serum urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, serum uric acid, 24 h urinary protein, triacylglycerol, complement C4 and so on were higher than those in the IgAN-NTN group (all P<0.05). The incidence of gross hematuria and the level of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were significantly lower than those in the NTN group (all P<0.001). For the aspect of light microscope pathological manifestations, IgAN-HTN group exhibited more severe histological lesions including glomerular sclerosis, renal tubular atrophy or renal interstitial fibrosis, interstitial vascular injury than IgAN - NTN group (all P<0.05). Immunofluorescence examination results showed that the deposition ratio of C1q in IgAN-HTN group was higher than that in IgAN-NTN group (P=0.015). By employing Kaplan-Meier method, the cumulative renal survival rate in the HTN group was much lower than that in the NTN group (Log-rank test:χ2=6.456, P=0.011). For the patients in IgAN-HTN group, the cumulative renal survival rate in the dyslipidemia group was much lower than that in the ortholiposis group (Log-rank test: χ2=5.093, P=0.024). There was no significant difference in the cumulative renal survival rate between the blood pressure control group and the unqualified group (Log-rank test: χ2=1.036, P=0.309). As a result of univariate and multivariable Cox regression analysis, total cholesterol, eGFR and 24 h urinary protein were risk factors for renal progression of IgAN patients with hypertension. Conclusions The clinical manifestations and renal pathological changes in patients with IgAN-HTN are more serious than those in IgAN-NTN patients, which result in worse prognosis. IgAN-HTN patients should be paid more attention to the management of serum lipid level during treatment and follow-up.
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Objective: To estimate the value of combinative index [combination of routine biomarkers] for predicting 28-day mortality in patients with sepsis
Study Design: An observational study
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Intensive Care Unit, the Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China, from August 2016 to December 2016
Methodology: Logistic regressions of biomarkers and a combination of biomarkers were performed to investigate risk factors for mortality in patients with sepsis. Several biomarkers were analysed in combination using receiver operating characteristic curves to evaluate the diagnostic performance of combinative index
Results: A total of 59 patients were enrolled; 13 were diagnosed as septic shock. The 28-day mortality rate was 22.0%.Univariate analysis revealed that nonsurvival patients were much older [p=0.022], with higher level of lactate [p=0.012], and with higher level of NT-proBNP [p=0.008] than survival patients. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified arterial lactate [OR 8.62, 95% CI 1.07-71.43, p=0.043], NT-proBNP [OR 1.00, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p=0.021], and CRP [OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.10, p=0.036] as independent predictors for 28-day mortality of septic patients. The combinative index [arterial lactate, NT-proBNP and CRP] displayed a better diagnostic performance than any single indicator [p=0.05, 0.02 and 0.02, respectively]
Conclusion: Combinative index [arterial lactate, NT-proBNP and CRP] could serve as a valuable predictor for the 28-day mortality rate in patients with sepsis
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Objective@#To investigate the antimicrobial resistance status and pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns of Salmonella enteritidis (S.enteritidis) in Shanxi Province in order to provide references for the treatment of Salmonella infection and for tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases.@*Methods@#Sixty-four S. enteritidis strains were collected by monitoring sites for foodborne diseases from April 2015 to March 2018. Biochemical identification system and serotyping analysis were used for bacterial identification. Drug susceptibility patterns were analyzed with micro-broth dilution method. PFGE was used for molecular typing.@*Results@#The antimicrobial resistance rate of 64 S. enteritidis strains to nalidixic acid (95.31%) was the highest, followed by that to ampicillin (90.63%) and to ampicillin/sulbactam (81.25%). They had lower resistance rates to cefazolin, cefotaxime, tetracycline, ceftazidime, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxzole and ciprofloxacin (3.13%-23.44%) and were all sensitive to chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, azithromycin, imipenem and gentamicin. No statistically significant difference in drug resistance rates was found between the sporadic strains and the outbreak strains (P>0.05). All 64 S. enteritidis strains digested with XbaⅠwere divided into 33 molecular patterns by PFGE. The numbers of bacteria contained in each pattern ranged from 1 to 10 strains. The similarity among patterns was between 54.6% and 100%.@*Conclusion@#More attention should be paid to the drug resistance status of S. enteritidis in Shanxi Province. It is necessary to strengthen the standardized administration of antibiotics. The PFGE patterns of S. enteritidis reveal the presence of significant genetic polymorphism. PFGE is of great significance in analyzing the genetic relationship among S. enteritidis strains and in identifying and tracing the source of outbreaks of foodborne diseases.
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Objective To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of 19 chemical drugs in Traditional Chinese Medicines and health products for treating rhinitis. Methods Separation was performed on Waters ACQU-ITY UPLC BEH-C18column(2.1 mm×100 mm,1.7 μm) with 0.1% formic acid acetonitrile solution and 0.1% formic acid aque-ous solution as the mobile phase by gradient elution.The flow rate was 0.3 mL·min-1.The column temperature was set at 35 ℃. The detection was performed by the positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI+) under multiple reactions monitoring (MRM) mode. Results The linear relationships of 19 chemical drugs were good in respective ranges with correlation coefficients higher than 0.995.The average recoveries of the low,medium,and high level were in the range of 84.9%-111.1%,and the RSDs were less than 5.2%.The limits of detection (LOD) and the limits of quantitation (LOQ) were in the range of 0.03-0.78 ng·mL-1 and 0.13-1.82 ng·mL-1,respectively. Conclusion The method is convenient,rapid,accurate,and sensitive,which can be used for the determination of chemical drugs added illegally in traditional Chinese medicines and health products for treating rhini-tis.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and outcome of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) in patients with renal injury. Methods AAV patients with renal injury diagnosed in the Department of Nephrology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, from January 2012 to January 2017 were included into this study. Patients were divided into MPO-ANCA positive and PR3-ANCA positive groups for further study. The clinical characteristics, pathological and laboratory indexes, treatment and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. Results A total of 68 cases were enrolled, among which 52 cases (76.5%) were MPO-ANCA positive and 16 cases (23.5%) were PR3-ANCA positive, and 41 patients (60.3%) were over 65 years old. The incidences of interstitial lung disease, digestive and nervous system damage in PR3-ANCA positive group were significantly higher than those MPO - ANCA positive group (P<0.05). There were significant differences of hemoglobin, complement C3, complement C1q, IgE, 24 h urinary protein,erythrocyte sedimentation rate, procalcitonin, BVAS score and eGFR in two groups (P<0.05). 19 cases had done renal biopsy ,among them 14 cases were MPO-ANCA positive and 5 cases were PR3-ANCA positive. Incidence of crescentic necrotizing glomerulonephritis in PR3-ANCA positive group was significantly higher than that in MPO - ANCA positive group, and incidence of diffuse global glomerulosclerosis in MPO-ANCA positive group was significantly higher than that in PR3-ANCA positive group (all P<0.05). At the median follow-up time of 32 months, the relapse rate at 6 month of MPO-ANCA-positive and PR3-ANCA-positive patients were 46.2% and 75.0%, respectively (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PR3-ANCA positive, age≥65 years old, baseline eGFR<30 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1, and combined with pulmonary interstitial lesions were all independent risk factors for relapse. And the incidence of ESRD were 42.3%and 75.0%during the follow-up period and 10 patients (14.7%) died. COX regression analysis showed that patients older than 65 years old, BVAS score≥18 points, eGFR<30 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1 and complicated with pulmonary interstitial disorders at the onset were independent risk factors causing ESRD or death. Conclusion The PR3-ANCA-positive patients had more severe renal injury than those with MPO-ANCA-positive patients, and the injury of extrarenal organs was more serious, recurrence rate was higher, and the prognosis was worse.
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Background Studies show that retinal neurodegeneration may precede retinal microvascular changes in diabetes mellitus.The apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) is an early finding in retinal neurodegeneration.Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is proved to be up-regulated in diabetic rats retina.However,the impact of TLR4 on RGCs damage in retinal neurodegeneration is poorly understood.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expressing change of TLR4 induced by high glucose in RGCs in order to offer a basis for the prevention diabetic retinal neurodegeneration and the study on targeting drugs.Methods RGCs were isolated and purified from the retinas of SPF SD rats aged postnatal 1-3 days by using papain digestion method and then were identified by immunofluorescence technology to detect the expression of Brn3a,a specific marker of RGCs.The cells were divided into normal control group and 10,20,30 mmol/L glucose groups.The expressions of TLR4 mRNA and protein in the ceils were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot analysis in 24 and 48 hours after addtion of glucose.All procedures performed in studies were in accordance with the Association for National Institutes of Health (NIH) Statement for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals recommendations.The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University.Every effort was made to minimize animal discomfort and stress.Results The normal cells grew well with the shape of near roundness after inoculaton.The cells were gradually enlarged and clustered with obvious axons and dendrites 24 hours after purifying.Brn3a showed the positive expression in cultured cells.At 24 hours and 48 hours after glucose culture,the cell structures were gradually invisible in most cells.The expressions of TLR4 mRNA in the cells were 0.945 ±0.237,1.180±0.193 and 0.827±0.213 at 24 hours and 1.509±0.422,2.433±0.617 and 1.435±0.410 at 48 hours after culture in the 10,20 and 30 mmol/L glucose groups,respectively,which were significantly higher than 0.600±0.099 and 0.724±0.302 in the normal control group (all at P＜0.01).The expressions of TLR4 protein in the cells were 0.442±0.147,0.626±0.128 and 0.330±0.153 at 24 hours and 0.464±0.121,0.930±0.441 and 0.394±0.158 at 48 hours after culture in the 10,20 and 30 mmol/L glucose groups,respectively,which were significantly higher than 0.090±0.050 and 0.094±0.070 in the normal control group (all at P＜0.01).Conclusions A large number of RGCs die in a high-glucose environment in vitro,meanwhile,the expression of TLR4 up-regulates in the cells,indicating that TLR4 maybe participate in the damage of RGCs induced by high glucose.
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Objective@#To optimize the construction of combined hypoxia NASH rat model on the basis of preliminary work, and to explore the role of neovascularization in the process of hepatic fibrosis.@*Methods@#32 rats were divided randomly to four groups that were null control group(A group ), hypoxia group(B group), high fat diet group(C group ) and high fat diet plus hypoxia group (D group ),treated with null , Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2, high fat diet and high fat diet plus Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 respectively. Every group was observed for 16 weeks, B and D group was treated with Intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 20 mg/kg.d at the laster 8 weeks. Liver histology NASH activity score(NAS) and Fibro score(FibroS), biochemical index were detected in this combined hypoxia NASH rat model(D group), meanwhile the changes of HIF1α, inflammatory factor and neovascularization were measured by ELISA, realtime PCR and immunohistochemistry.@*Results@#Liver tissue NAS > 4 was seen in C and D group. D group showed NASH characteristics, including significantly steatosis at liver acinar 3 area(mostly a microvesicular type fat droplets mixed with macrovesicular type), hepatocyte balloon degeneration, obvious lobular inflammation, while fibrosis score increased significantly, including visible hepatic sinusoid fibrosis, fibrosis around portal vein, and bridging fibrosis in a considerable portion of the rats. Compared with C group, biochemical indicators of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), HIF1α, neovascularization-related VEGFA, VEGFR2 mRNA level increased obviously and the expression of immunohistochemistry VEGFR2, CD34 enhanced markedly in D group(p < 0.05).@*Conclusion@#A combined hypoxia NASH rat model can be established throught feeding 16 weeks’ high-fat diet then intraperitoneal injection of NaNO2 20 mg / kg.d at the laster 8 weeks, meanwhile chronic hypoxia can accelerate this combined hypoxia NASH model liver fibrosis process. In this process neovascularization promoted the formation of hepatic fibrosis in this model.
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In order to investigate the species and categorization of Gasterophilus in Ili horse.We analysised the COI gene of the identified Gasterophilus dominant species and constructed NJ phylogenetic tree in the study.The results showed that infection rate was 100％ in total of 16 775 the third phase Gasterophilus instar larvae.Four Gasterophilus species were identified,and showed serious mix infections.Dominant species were Gasterophilus nasalis,its relative dominance were 53.17％,and prefer to live in the cardia,others to irregular live in the pylorus of the horses.COI gene homology of GasterophiIus nasalis,Gasterophilus intestinalis,Gasterophilus pecorum,Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis (GenBank Accession No.:GU265752.1,KR230402.1,KU578262.1,KT946620.1) were 99％,99％,99％ and 100％ respectively.Phylogenetic analysis results showed that the data were clustered with the Gasterophilus app.which publshed on the GenBank.G.intestinalis and G.haemorrhoidalis cluster together first,and then cluster with G.nasalis,at last all three kinds of Gasterophilus cluster with G.pecorum.When the COI gene is the target,in-group and out-group of the Gasterophilus can forms an independent evolutionary branch.This study provides useful parameters for the classification of Gasterophilus.
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BACKGROUND:Currently, inhaled glucocorticoid is still the classic treatment for asthma. Adult stem cell transplantation has made significant progress in a variety of diseases, and it also provides new insights into the treatment of asthma.OBJECTIVE:To summarize the recent advances in the treatment of asthma with adipose-derived stem cells and related adult stem cells, and to discuss the therapeutic safety of adipose-derived stem cells and possible research directions in asthma therapy.METHODS:Relevant articles published from 2001 to 2016 were searched in PubMed, CBM, CNKI, and Wanfang databases. The keywords were (adipose-derived stem cells[All Fields]) OR (adipose stem cells[All Fields]) OR (adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells[All Fields]) AND (asthma[All Fields]) in English and Chinese, respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 125 literatures were initially searched, and finally 54 representative papers were selected. Adipose-derived stem cells may reduce airway inflammation, airway hyperresponsiveness, ease collagen deposition and scar tissue formation, promote neovascularization, and reconstruct damaged airways in the mouse asthma model through immune regulation. It is necessary to understand its treatment mechanism of action deeply and comprehensively and carry out genomic analysis before introduction of adipose-derived stem cells as a conventional clinical treatment. In summary, adipose-derived stem cells may be a therapeutic potential for the treatment of airway allergic inflammatory diseases such as asthma.
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Aim To investigate whether EGCG regu-lates ABCA1 expression by influencing the expression of miR-33 a to promote cholesterol efflux from macro-phages. Methods THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were established by co-incubated with oxLDL, and then treated with EGCG, and miR-33a expression was detected with Real-time PCR. THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells were randomly divided into the fol-lowing groups: control group, 50 μmol · L-1 EGCG treatment group, 50 μmol · L-1 EGCG +80 nmol · L-1 miR-33a mimic treated group. Real-time PCR and Werstern blot was used to detect ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression, Oil Red O staining and high per-formance liquid chromatography were used to detect in-tracellular lipid content, and [3H] assay was used to determine cellular cholesterol efflux. Results EGCG could downregulate miRNA33 a expression in a dose-and time-dependent fashion within safe doses. EGCG significantly upregulated ABCA1 mRNA and protein expression, which could be inhibited after miRNA33 mimic transfected into cells, however. EGCG may re-duce lipid accumulation in THP-1 macrophage-derived foam cells, and this effect could also be weakened after miRNA33 mimic transfected. EGCG could reduce the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol,which was re-lated with EGCG promoting intracellular cholesterol ef-flux , and excess miRNA33 a transfected into cells could inhibit intracellular cholesterol efflux. Conclusion EGCG may upregulate ABCA1 expression by reducing miRNA33a generation, resulting in the promotion of cholesterol efflux from macrophages, which may be one of the molecular mechanisms of EGCG anti-atheroscle-rotic effect.
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Objective To analyze the PCR and molecular characters of the first serogroup W135 meningo-coccal death case in Shanxi province on April,2013.Methods Epidemiological survey of suspected epidemic cere-brospinal meningitis case was conducted,blood serum and petechia tissue fluid samples were identified by PCR for crgA gene and siaD gene of W 135.Multilocus sequence typing(MLST)was performed for determining the sequence types(STs).Results The patient in the case died of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitides,which belonged to ST-11.Conclusion This is the first case died of serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis in Shanxi province,which prompts that the surveillance of meningococcal pathogeny should be strengthened.
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Objective:To investigate the effects of CCR3 on Muc5ac in the airway of asthmatic mice.Methods: Fifty clean BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group,asthmatic group,dexamethasone treatment group,SB328437 treatment group, vehicle-control group.Total cells and differential inflammatory cells were counted in BALF, the levels of IL-4 and TNF-αwere determined by ELISA,lung tissue HE staining the expressions of Mucin5ac(Muc5ac) and CCR3 in lung tissue were detected by immu-neohistochemical staining and RT-PCR.Results:The total cells,eosinophil,monocytes and lymphocyte cells in BALF,the levels of IL-4,TNF-αin BALF ,the goblet cell of airway wall,the expression of Muc5ac and CCR3 positive staining IOD in the airway and the expression of Muc5ac and CCR3 mRNA lung tissue obviously decreased in SB328437 treatment group and DEX treatment group which compared with asthmatic mice model group ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusion: SB328437 can inhibit the expression of CCR3 in pulmonary tissue,furtherly inhibit the expression and secretion of Muc5ac and control the airway inflammation.